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Define scientific management. State any three of its principles. SOLUTION The term Scientific Management means the management of scientific, standardised methods,it is concerned with knowing exactly what you want it your men to do and seeing that they do it in the best and the cheapest manner.Therefor, Scientific management refers to an important stream of one of the earlier who sought to improve industrial efficiency.Thus, Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes to management. The methods used in any scientific investigation include research and experimentation, collection of data, analysis of data, and formulation of certain principles on the basis of such analysis. Scientific management seeks to maximize the efficiency of the plant by using these methods for its operation.Taylor published “The Principles of Scientific Management” in 1911, which expl

CLASS 12 Business Studies NCERT Short Answer Type Questions 01   What makes principles of management flexible? SOLUTION 02   State the main objective of time study. SOLUTION 03   Name the principle that is an extension of the ‘harmony, not discord’. SOLUTION 04   State any two causes of fatigue that may create hindrance in the employee’s performance. SOLUTION 05   SanakLal and Gagan started their career in Wales Limited (a printing press) after going through a rigorous recruitment process. Since they had no prior work experience, the firm decided to give them one year to prove themselves. Name the principle of management followed by Wales Limited. SOLUTION 06   Which technique is used by Taylor for distinguishing efficient and inefficient workers? SOLUTION Short Answer Type Questions 01    How is the Principle of ‘Unity of Command’ useful to management? Explain briefly. S

How is the Principle of ‘Unity of Command’ useful to management? Explain briefly. SOLUTION Unity of command means that subordinate members of a company should all be responsible to a single commander.Unity of command provides that an employee is responsible to only one supervisor, who in turn is responsible to only one supervisor, and so on in the organizational hierarchy. This is true even if the top of the organization is headed by a group of people. For example, imagine that you are the CEO of a technology firm in Silicon Valley. While your company's board of directors controls policy making and strategic planning, under the concept of unity of command, you answer only to the chairman of the board, not all members of the board. The principle of ‘Unity of Command’ useful In a firm or a business organisation , because of the following reasons given in the below: (I) Authority responsibility and relationship is clearly mentioned. (II) Discipline and order maintained. (

Which technique is used by Taylor for distinguishing efficient and inefficient workers? SOLUTION    The technique used by Taylor to differentiate between skilled and unskilled workers was the differential piece wage system. Under this technique wages are fixed according to a set standard. Workers performing better than the set standards get paid more than the workers performing below the standards. 04 05 06 01 02 Chapter 2 | Principles and Functions of Management Class 12 | Business Studies

SanakLal and Gagan started their career in Wales Limited (a printing press) after going through a rigorous recruitment process. Since they had no prior work experience, the firm decided to give them one year to prove themselves. Name the principle of management followed by Wales Limited. SOLUTION    The principle of management followed by Wales Limited is stability of personnel. According to Fayol, employee turnover should be minimized to maintain organizational efficiency. The employees should be selected after the rigorous procedure and ones selected they should be kept at their position for a minimum fixed tenure. They should be given a reasonable amount of time to show the result. 03 04 05 06 01 Chapter 2 | Principles and Functions of Management Class 12 | Business Studies

State any two causes of fatigue that may create hindrance in the employee’s performance. SOLUTION    The two causes of fatigue that may create hindrance in the employee’s performance are long working hours and having uncordial relations with the boss or bad working conditions. Explanation It is normal for a person to feel tired physically and mentally if he Doesn't rest during work. Rest intervals will help one regain stamina and work again with the same Capacity. result will increase Productivity. wants to study set volume and frequency The interval of rest in the completion of a task. For example, usually in a plant, Work is done in three shifts eight hours each. Video Solution, source: youtube 02 03 04 05 06 Chapter 2 | Principles and Functions of Management Class 12 | Business Studies

Name the principle that is an extension of the ‘harmony, not discord’. SOLUTION    Cooperation, not individualism is an extension of the ‘harmony, not discord’. The work must be done with cooperation, mutual understanding and confidence with each other. Explanation Factory system of production implies that managers act as a link between owners and workers. Since as managers they had the mandate of getting workers to 'get things done' so this should not be a state, Taylor called for a complete mental revolution on the part of both the management and the workers. This means that the management and the workers should change their thinking. In such a situation the trade unions will not even think of going on strike etc. According to Taylor, there should be almost equal division of work and responsibility between workers and management. Throughout the day the management should work almost shoulder to shoulder to help, encourage and smooth the way for the workers. Video

State the main objective of time study. SOLUTION    Time study determines the standard time taken to perform a well-defined job. Time measuring devices are used for each element of task. Standard time is determined for the whole task by taking several readings. The method of time study will depend on the volume and frequency of work, cycle time of operation and time measurement cost. Explanation The purpose of time study is to determine the number of workers to be employed; Creating suitable incentive plans and determining labor cost. For example, on the basis of several observations it is determined that the standard time taken by a worker to make a carton is 20 minutes. So he will make 3 boxes in an hour. Assuming that an employee has to work 8 hours in a shift and deduct one hour for rest and lunch, it is determined that in 7 hours a worker has to work 21 boxes @ 3 boxes per hour makes. Now this is the standard work that a worker has to do. Salary can be fixed accordingly.

What makes principles of management flexible? SOLUTION    The application of management principles is contingent as it depends on the prevailing situation at a particular point of time. Management principles are not rigid and extremely flexible. The manager has sufficient discretion to modify the principle of management to be applied as per the demands of the situation. For example, the decision to centralize or decentralize depends on the situation and the circumstances that arise. Personal principles are like personal tools which can be applied by the manager on the basis of circumstances. They are flexible and can be modified by manager when position number of cases. so they Tell us if any special principles was applied in a particular situation, what will happen to him potential impact. principles less than management Exactly because they are mainly applied to human behavior. Really Life conditions are not the same. So, the exact cause and effect relationships can be difficul

Co-ordination is? a   Function of management b   The essence of management c   An objective of management d   None of this SOLUTION b   The essence of management Explanation Coordination is the essence of management.Coordination is not a separate function but a very essence of management. According to George Terry, “Coordination deals with the task of binding efforts in order to ensure successful attainment of an objective. It is an accomplishment by means of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling”.Coordination is expected at every one of the levels from high level administration to center level administration to bring down level administration. Model: Pepsi co. has all the degree of the board who coordinate with one another to accomplish the objectives. 01 02 03 04 05 Nature & Significance of Management

Policy formulation is the function of? a   Top level managers b   Middle level managers c   Operational management d   All of the above SOLUTION a   Top level managers Explanation Policy making is the job of top level managers.Because Top level managers are responsible for running the business organization without facing problems, thus to do so they need to make policies and rules for the future days to make their firm run smoothly and also the Top level managers are making policies because they need to control their mid level and low level workers to perform as best as possible means they have to work efficiently. 01 02 03 04 05 Nature & Significance of Management

The following is not an objective of management? a   Earning profits b   Growth of the organisation c   Providing employment d   Policy Making SOLUTION d   Policy Making Explanation Strategy making or policy making is the most common way of figuring out approaches based on which the organization or an association works, it is not an objective of management.It is indeed a cycle that includes the defining up of objectives and destinations for the association and the deciding the ways of accomplishing the ideal objectives. That is, one might say that arrangement making is the way through which the targets of an administration for example hierarchical destinations, (for example, procuring benefits and development of the association), social targets, (for example, giving work) and individual goals can be achieved. 01 02 03 04 05 Nature & Significance of Management

Management is? a   An Art b   A Science c   Both Art and Science d   Neither SOLUTION c   Both Art and Science Explanation The verb Management is considered as both an art and a science. This is because management adheres to the principles and features of both arts and sciences. Art is the expression of complete and personal knowledge to achieve the desired results. It draws on the personal skills, practical knowledge and practical experience of the artist. From this point of view, management is defined as the art of efficient management of knowledge. In addition to this, the creative talent of the management to study the human resource behavior and employ the workers in the desired work with the realization of the purpose of the workers also means the practical quality of the management. Therefore, for such activities to take place in an organization, management is called art. Science, on the other hand,

Which is not a function of management of the following? a   Planning b   Staffing c   Co-operating d   Controlling SOLUTION c   Co-operating Explanation The verb cooperate is originally from the combination of The Latin prefix co-, meaning “together,” and operari, meaning “to work.” The term “co-op” is a shortening of cooperative and is used when people work together (or cooperate) to run a preschool, health food store, or a residence. Planning, staffing, controlling are covered under this definition. Hence, co-operating is not a function as such, of management, it's employees own thing that they need to do. 04 05 01 02 03 Nature & Significance of Management

Management is a series of continuous inter-related functions. Comment. SOLUTION    Management is always a series of inter-related actions. Each of them demonstrates the instructions and guidance of the ethicists. (i) The initial work of planning is going on in all other activities It is the first thought process. This is where we go and where we want to go. (ii) The pre-determined process of communication between people and organizations is completed.    (A) Task identification and division    (B) Division    (C) Install reporting contacts (iii) Stuffing Sensitive Approach is not only obtained from consideration The best use of this management is managing cancer. In this kind, it is very important to keep the right person on the right track. Staffing Management Inspire, choose and assist in the right work of the right person. (iv) Execution, control and dispatch are not included in the assignment of participants in the competition. This requires the installation of an atmosphere

“A successful enterprise has to achieve its goals effectively and efficiently” Explain. SOLUTION    Effectiveness and efficiency are two different meanings, though the terms are intertwined. The words "efficiency" and "efficiency" are equally important in management. That is, the management needs to adapt to efficiency and effectiveness in a time bound manner.For a union or business firm to be effective, both of these variables assume a fundamental part of fulfilling the goals of the union. Adequacy helps in accomplishing specific objectives while effectiveness helps in accomplishing it with least assets and cost. Reducing expenses and assets brings profit to the association and makes it moreover.It isn't simply vital to finish the task accurately however it is similarly essential to finish it with least expense. Essentially, in addition to the fact that it is critical to decrease the expense it is similarly vital to take care of business accurately. Thus,

Co-ordination is the essence of management. Do you agree? Give reasons. SOLUTION    Co-ordination is the essence of management,I agree with that statement. Because, coordination is such a major part of management without which management is always incomplete.    Coordination is the process by which a manager manages the activities of different branches at the same time. In other words, a manager needs to combine the actions of several groups to achieve a developmental goal. The reasons for recognizing the real quality of co-ordination management are given below- (a) Increase in size: As the size of the organization increases, so does the number of employees. (b) Change in the functioning of the division: The functions of an organization are divided into different sections and sub-branches. For example, the objective of the marketing department may be to increase sales by reducing the price of the product by ten percent per box. However, the BO department cannot approve this polic

Do you think management has the characteristics of a full fledged profession ? SOLUTION Management features are completely backward, because- (i) Formal management and formal training is also required to manage the profession of doctors, advocates etc.   (ii) Then if a person has to take formal training. Similarly, formal education is very necessary to become a skilled director. There are various educational institutions and training systems in the country to meet the need for such formal education.           From the above discussion we can say that the management is a complete push. Video Solution, source: youtube 05 01 02 03 04 Nature & Significance of Management

Management is considered to be both an art and science. Explain. SOLUTION Management is considered as both an art and a science. This is because management adheres to the principles and features of both arts and sciences.     Art is the expression of complete and personal knowledge to achieve the desired results. It draws on the personal skills, practical knowledge and practical experience of the artist. From this point of view, management is defined as the art of efficient management of knowledge.     In addition to this, the creative talent of the management to study the human resource behavior and employ the workers in the desired work with the realization of the purpose of the workers also means the practical quality of the management. Therefore, for such activities to take place in an organization, management is called art.     Science, on the other hand, is a storehouse of systematic knowledge gained through observation and experimentation. Management is a science in which

Discuss the basic feature of management as a profession. SOLUTION Now, In our society In there lots of Factories and Companies are setup by Many business manes and for this grow their business they need or searching for well experts managers to work for their Company . and it’s become a profession. (i) Well defined body of knowledge: Every profession has a well-defined body of knowledge which can be learnt through instruction. This feature is applicable to management, as it is based on a well-defined body of knowledge which can be learnt through instruction. This feature is applicable to management, as it is based on a well-defined body of knowledge, which can be acquired at different colleges and professional institutes and through a number of books and journals. (ii) Restricted entry: The entry to a profession is restricted through examination or through acquiring an educational degree. This feature is not applicable to management, as there is no restriction on anyone bein

Why is management considered a multi-facted concept? SOLUTION Management considered a multi-facted concept because it has three dimensions which are describe in below: (1)Management of work: All the organizations have to perform some work such as production or sale. A Management target to the goals that it’s achieved, and it also measures work progress by measuring how much work remains to be done to achieve that goal or goals. (2)Management of people: The main asset of an organization is human labour. Managing people is extremely important. Personal goals have to be achieved along with the firm’s goal. (3) Management of operations: All the organizations either engage in producing a good or selling a good. It like a primary work for management. This production process requires management. Video Solution, source: youtube 02 03 04 05 01 Nature & Significance of Management

Ritu is the manager of the northern division of a large corporate house. At what level does she work in the organisation? What are her basic functions? SOLUTION Ritu is the manager of the northern division of a large corporate house working at the middle-level division. She is a link between the top management and lower management, So She Perform her duties as a middle level employee, So Functions performed at middle level management are: (a) Responsible for implementing and controlling plans and strategies developed by top management. (b) Responsible for all the activities of first line managers. (c) Interpret the plans and policies framed by top management. (d) Ensuring availability of necessary personnel. (e) Assigning necessary duties and responsibilities to the personnel. (f) Cooperate with other departmentsthat means coordinate among the division heads of various departments (g) To encourage the workers to achieve the goals. (h) To ensure that all workers under her departm

Name any two important characteristics of management. SOLUTION Management in a business firm or company is the more important part of the organization to perform more efficiently in the market and compete with its competitors in the market. Management is driven by its character and they make management more powerful and also depend on the objective or goals of the business organization,Each union is determined to perform some task, such as instructing a school, a clinic treating patients, preparing a processing plant, and none of these functions adequately without a board. cannot end and also To accomplish the objectives of an association numerous tasks or exercises should be led, for example, creation, deal, buy, finance, bookkeeping, R&D, and so forth Once more, the board is expected to ensure that tasks are achieved proficiently and actually. Two important features of management are described below: (1) Management is Goal-oriented Process: Without management it is like a b